Financial Accounting Accounting in a Competitive Economy

Question: Depict about the Financial Accounting of Accounting in a Competitive Economy. Answer: Presentation Bookkeeping norms are the guidelines, guidelines and arrangements that help an association to run successfully and easily. The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is the office of the legislature of the nation that gives the AASB principles and incorporates the Australian proportionate to the IFRS (International Financing Reporting Standards). In the year 2007, the AASB adjusted the Standards of bookkeeping with the end goal that the prerequisites are indistinguishable from the IFRS that were given by the IASB for the substances (Shim, Siegel, Shim, 2012). Nonetheless, it has been discovered that the AASB/IASB are against the current idea of materiality. Hence, in this report, the general idea of materiality has been examined alongside its application in the firm Wesfarmers and furthermore the issues of materiality with regards to the present AASB/IASB gauges and structure utilizing the yearly report of the specific organization has additionally been talked about in subtleti es. Idea of Materiality The idea of materiality is otherwise called the materiality requirement. It is characterized as the data identified with account that is considered as the material of the fiscal reports that would modify the view or the assessment of discerning work force. It can likewise be said that all the indispensable money related data may influence the clients feeling with respect to the budget reports. This origination of materiality is of more prominent significance and is relative in size. According to Williams (2012), it has been discovered that a portion of the money related data of an organization may be valuable to a portion of the individuals like partners or a portion of the monetary data may be considered as material to a portion of the organizations. Then again, it may happen that the equivalent monetary data probably won't be considered as the material rather it may be considered as the irrelevant to different organizations and people. The idea of materiality tends to that the budg etary data may make a separation between the clients of the fiscal reports (Needles Powers, 2012). In this way, according to the need and idea of materiality the organization includes the budgetary data for unveiling the money related state of the firm to its partners and if the monetary data is considered as irrelevant to the bookkeeper of the firm then the data won't be added to the yearly report of the specific firm. In this manner, it very well may be said that idea of materiality fluctuates starting with one association then onto the next. For instance, inside the firm Wesfarmers, the materiality depends on the bookkeeping standard AASB 1031. According to this specific bookkeeping standard AASB 1031, this is considered as a between time standard that for the most part cross-references to the Framework and Standards that comprises of the direction with respect to the materiality. Then again, the bookkeeping standard AASB 2013-9 mirrors the Amendments to the Accounting Standards of Australia Materiality, Conceptual Framework and Financial Instruments. According to this norm, a few revisions are considered because of issuance of AASB CF 2013-1 and will make alterations to the predetermined principles of bookkeeping so as to erase the references to the AASB 1031 (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2016). The specific organization Wesfarmers for estimating reasonable worth and revelations execute the accompanying techniques the reasonable worth is determined dependent on the provided cost estimates in dynamic market and the reasonable worth is controlled by utilizing the contributions for obligation and resources, which are relied upon the market information that are recognizable. Issues of materiality as to the current AASB/IASB principles There have been appropriate issues identifying with the idea of materiality according to the IASB/AASB system. Speculators are required to be educated regarding the monetary state of the business venture before settling on basic budgetary choices (Bevis, 2013). The idea of materiality accentuates on certain money related things that must be viewed as significant for executing speculation and budgetary choices. On account of Wesfarmers Limited, there are applicable money related things that ought to be legitimately identified with the budgetary state of the element. These are the measure of benefits and liabilities in the association and the measure of benefits made by the business undertaking in the past budgetary year (Narayanaswamy, 2014). Anyway the estimation of impalpable resources is exposed to specific requirements. Thusly, the assurance of elusive resources is exposed to the view of the speculators. Also, the assurance of prepaid costs in the association and its treatment is another issue in the idea of Materiality. BHP Billiton surveys the prepaid d costs of the association as a present resource. In any case, this relies upon the assessment of the financial specialists. The IASB/AASB perceives this basic issue in the idea of materiality, along these lines, having an unfriendly impact on the arrangement of fiscal reports of a business endeavor (Warren et al. 2013). According to the fiscal summaries arranged by BHP Billiton, the acknowledgment of Bad obligation recuperated is another significant basic issue perceived by IASB/AASB. In cases, the Bad Debt recouped can prompt issues identifying with recording and evaluating of bookkeeping data according to the fiscal reports of a business endeavor. Thusly, terrible obligation recouped has been an appropriate issue in the idea of materiality according to the IASB/AASB. Other than this the IASB/AASB has forced severe rules identifying with the designation of variable costs to the expense of creation .accordin g to the budget summaries arranged by Wesfarmers Limited , the brand has various variable costs that adds to the expense of creation . Henceforth, such factor costs must be reevaluated while introducing the money related report to the financial specialists of the organization. The idea of materiality decides the variable costs of an association according to their pertinence and value to the creation procedure (Porter Norton, 2012). In that capacity, the principles set by the idea of materiality can't be decided against the measures actualized by the IASB/AASB. Thusly, acknowledgment of variable costs is a significant issue according to the IASB/AASB structure .m End The AASB 1031 standard is an interval standard which clings to the universal standard of bookkeeping and money related announcing. The materiality exposures followed by Wesfarmers Limited keeps this norm, subsequently, introducing the money related data to the financial specialists. In any case, according to IASB/AASB the data introduced to the outside gatherings comprises certain issues when data is unveiled according to the materiality idea. These incorporate assurance of the estimation of immaterial resources, deterioration just as terrible obligation recouped. Therefore, the IASB and the AASB system have properly recognized materiality issues while setting up the yearly fiscal reports of a business venture. References Bevis, H. W. (2013). Corporate Financial Accounting in a Competitive Economy (RLE Accounting). Routledge. Home - Wesfarmers. (2016).Wesfarmers.com.au. Recovered 26 May 2016, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au Narayanaswamy, R. (2014). Monetary Accounting: A Managerial Perspective. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Needles, B. Forces, M. (2012).Financial bookkeeping. Bricklayer, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Doorman, G., Norton, C. (2012). Money related bookkeeping: the effect on leaders. Cengage Learning. Shim, J., Siegel, J., Shim, J. (2012).Financial bookkeeping. New York: McGraw-Hill. Warren, C., Reeve, J., Duchac, J. (2013). Corporate monetary bookkeeping. Cengage Learning. Williams, J. (2012).Financial bookkeeping. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Spirited Away Summary †English Composition Informal Essay

Energetic Away Summary †English Composition Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers Energetic Away Summary English Composition Informal Essay â€Å"Spirited Away† is a wondrous dream film about a little youngster, Chihiro. In a late spring evening, Chihiro and her family are en route to their new home. In any case, they become mixed up in a glove and discover a passage in it. They are interested about the passage and choose to look at it. They stroll through the passage and find another world behind it. They continue strolling lastly go into a little town where is nobody there. Her folks discover an eatery selling delectable food and out of nowhere feel hungry for it. They eat the food however there is no one in the eatery. And afterward something occurs. At the point when the night comes, her folks change into the pigs for eating the food of Gods. Indeed, they are caught into a universe of spirits, including Gods. Furthermore, she should call upon her fearlessness to figure out how to transforming her folks into people, liberating herself, and restoring her family to the outside world. In the film, there are two scenes intriguing me. One is the train running on the ocean. When Chihiro goes to ask Zeniiba, an astute wizard, for help, she takes the train that is running on a far long railroad dependent on the ocean. Despite the fact that the film is an activity, the ocean is distinctive like the genuine one. I can see even small waves and impression of daylight. It is so peaceful and wonderful that I likewise need to travel along these lines. The other is in the last part. When Chihiro finds support from her companion, Haku, and returns to the passage, Haku says, â€Å"Go through the passage and you can come back to your reality. In any case, recall one thing that don't think back when you are in the tunnel.† Eventually, Chihiro doesn’t think back and experiences the passage easily. At the point when I see this scene, I feel that it is somewhat natural to me. And afterward I find that I have perused a story which has the comparative circumstance; that i s the tale about Orpheus and Eurydice in Greek folklore. For this situation, when Orpheus returned from Hades to the upper world, he was additionally cautioned that he was unable to glance back at Eurydice who strolled behind him until they arrived at the earth out of the sinkhole. Be that as it may, he looked when he ventured into the earth, and discover Eurydice was still in the sinkhole. At that point, he attempted to catch her however she had blurred away. All he got was her last word, â€Å"Farewell.† So I think this piece of film is affected by Greek folklore, and possibly Chihiro would lose everything in the event that she thought back in the passage. â€Å"Spirited Away† is a film of Hayao Miyazaki, the author and the executive of the film. I like his motion pictures on the grounds that the narratives in his motion pictures are continually exciting and profound; along these lines, seeing his motion pictures can delight me, yet additionally let me take in something from it. â€Å"Spirited Away† is loaded with creative mind, even past the creative mind. I am stunned to the point that Miyazaki can generally make what we’ve never found in the film. To me, â€Å"Spirited away† is a film that can transports you to a world dissimilar to anything I have seen before simply like a magical excursion through my creative mind. Research Papers on Energetic Away Summary - English Composition Informal EssayWhere Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth HorsemanComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Plan To Pursue An MBA Abroad Take These Steps Now!

Financial planning is  really important when you decide to study internationally. When I turned 15, I went on a school exchange programme. After having experienced a new culture, spoken a different language, tasted other flavours and, most of all, met such diverse friends, I realized a whole new world was opening its doors and I wanted to fully explore it. I am pretty sure I did not know, at that time, what an MBA was, but after talking to many people who had studied abroad, I discovered that such a holistic experience was the right for me, to complement and potentiate my professional background. Throughout my way, I found some obstacles that surrendered to patience and perseverance. Here are a few pieces of advice I can share as a result of my experiences: Start saving as soon as possible Once I finished undergrad, I started working part-time in one company, and full-time for another company, simultaneously, in order to make enough money to accomplish my dream of studying abroad. For almost three years I worked hard and managed to secure the funding required for my MBA abroad. But just when I was starting to do my research on schools, the government in my home country devaluated the currency. From one day to the other, the value of my savings was one fourth of what they used to be. Secure your savings That particular circumstance made me postpone my MBA for three more years. Meanwhile, I was promoted in my job and was able to keep earning towards my goal. I also did some external consulting projects that contributed to the â€Å"cause† of funding my studies. The domestic market in my country was depressed, so I used my savings to acquire assets that could then be used as collateral for a loan, or, eventually, I could sell when the market was starting to show improvements, and that way I could protect my savings from currency fluctuations this time. Research all options for alternative funding, and have a contingency plan Additionally, I endlessly looked for scholarships and sent tons of applications, with no luck, unfortunately. Also, I prepared for the GMAT, TOEFL and sent school applications. This process can also become quite onerous financially and in terms of dedication (at this point I was working, studying for the exams, sending scholarship applications, talking to alumni from different schools and the list goes on and on). But the fun was only about to start. One afternoon in late March, I received my so longed acceptance letter to London Business School, and the school was offering a partial scholarship. I had my savings but still needed more money. Domestic loans were not available, and when I tried to get a loan in the UK, I was required a local co-signor/guarantor given the lack of credit record in the UK. To spice things up a bit more, two weeks before leaving my country to start my MBA, currency devaluated again but this time I was better prepared to take a risk and invest in my international education. Talking to the Financial Aid   counsellors in my school, they suggested a couple of companies that specialize in financing international master students, and that is how I could get the last bit of money I needed to finish paying my MBA. Financial planning and financial responsibility are really important when you decide to study internationally. Along the way, you may find many obstacles, however, discipline and hard work can take you closer.   This life changing experience is totally worthwhile the effort. hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'cc7a860e-f98b-4290-b519-ef92fe52dbcd', {}); Amelia Martinez is Prodigy Finances Business Development Manager. Prior to coming to London to do her MBA at London Business School, she developed her career working in Argentina for the American Chamber of Commerce, promoting business between Argentina and US. Related Resources: †¢ London Business School Zone †¢ Financing Your INSEAD MBA †¢Ã‚  Making International Student Loans a Prime Investment

The Case of Eric Rudolph The Olympic Park Bomber

Eric Rudolph, 36, is charged with the 1998 bombing of a Birmingham abortion clinic that killed an off-duty police officer and critically injured a nurse. Rudolph was arrested May 31, 2003 while pilfering through a dumpster behind a grocery store in Murphy, North Carolina by a sheriffs deputy on routine patrol, ending a FBI manhunt that lasted more than five years. Latest Developments Defiant Rudolph Gets Two Life SentencesJuly 18, 2005A defiant and unrepentant Eric Rudolph said that abortion is murder that needs to be fought with deadly force before a federal judge sentenced him to life in prison for the bombing of a Birmingham abortion clinic that killed a security guard and injured a nurse. Previous Updates Eric Rudolph Pleads Guilty to BombingsApril 13, 2005Eric Rudolph pleaded guilty to the bombing of the 1996 Summer Olympics and other bombings, citing a hatred of abortion, gay rights and the government as his motive. Eric Rudolph to Plead Guilty, Escape Death PenaltyApril 7, 2005Eric Rudolph will enter guilty pleas in a plea agreement that will give him four life sentences and avoid the death penalty. Feds Try to Link Rudolph to Pro-Life ActivistMarch 28, 2005Federal prosecutors want to introduce evidence that he attended church services at a church were the pastor is noted anti-abortion activist, although the pastor says he doesnt remember ever seeing Rudolph. Judge Lets Capital Case Stand Against RudolphMarch 3, 2005Eric Rudolph will be tried on capital charges in the bombing of an Alabama abortion clinic after Judge Lynwood Smith rejected a motion that he should be tried under a federal law that does not allow the death penalty. Judge Rejects Bid to Drop Death PenaltyJan. 18, 2005U.S. Magistrate Judge T. Michael Putnam rejected a claim by Eric Rudolph that prosecutors waited too long to announce they would seek the death penalty. Judge Okays Seized Rudolph EvidenceDec. 18, 2004Magistrate Judge T. Michael Putnam ruled that evidence seized from the North Carolina trailer and shed of Eric Rudolph can be admitted at his trial. Judge Grants Eric Rudolph Defense RequestDec. 15, 2004Judge T. Michael Putnam has ordered prosecutors to turn over all information about a bomb found outside Birmingham police headquarters to Eric Rudolphs defense attorneys. Eric Rudolph Defense Questions FBI SketchDec. 6, 2004Eric Rudolphs defense attorneys have requested that prosecutors to turn over any evidence regarding alterations made to FBI composite drawings of the suspected abortion clinic bomber. Rudolphs Attorneys Seek Atlanta EvidenceNov. 15, 2004Attorneys for Eric Rudolph are trying to gain access to evidence the government has against him in another bombing, because they believe it will help in their case in Birmingham. Eric Rudolphs Lawyers Challenge EvidenceAttorneys for Eric Rudolph suggested that traces of explosives from an abortion clinic in Alabama were transported to Rudolphs home by the ATF agents doing the search. Judge to Review Inconsistencies in Rudolph CaseOct. 5, 2004U.S. District Judge Lynwood Smith has agreed to a defense request to review the handwritten notes used to compile witness statements in a Birmingham abortion clinic bombing investigation for inconsistencies. Attorneys Try to Suppress Rudolph EvidenceSept. 22, 2004Claiming that his capture was the result of an illegal detention and arrest, attorneys for accused abortion clinic bomber Eric Rudolph have filed a motion to suppress all evidence seized at his remote mountain campsite. Defense Attorneys Given More TimeAug. 23, 2004Attorneys for Eric Rudolph now have until Sept. 15, 2004 to reveal their defense against charges that he bombed a Birmingham abortion clinic in 1998. Unabomber Lawyer Heads Rudolph Defense - Aug. 10, 2004The lead attorney for alleged serial bomber Eric Rudolph unexpectedly withdrew from the case, and a judge appointed a lawyer who represented the Unabomber to take his place.Judge Refuses Bid to Review Secret Filings by Rudolph Attorneys - July 15, 2004Federal prosecutors lost a bid to reduce the amount of secrecy in the death penalty case against Eric Rudolph when a judge ruled against their request to see documents filed under seal by his lawyers. Judge Denies Defense Access to Notes - July 9, 2004A federal judge refused Eric Rudolphs request to see the original notes taken by agents who investigated an Alabama abortion clinic bombing, a potential blow to defense lawyers looking for holes in the prosecutions case. Defense Attacks Claims From Government - July 2, 2004Lawyers for Eric Rudolph attacked a key prosecution witness in their first detailed response to charges that the serial bombing suspect set off a deadly explosion outside an abortion clinic.

Ideas And Reforms For An Improved Access For High Quality...

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Despite large investments in primary care reforms (PCR) over the years, there still hasn’t been a significant impact in certain areas of the health system, particularly those related to the ‘access to care’. The Health Quality Ontario (HQO) data from 2014 shows that almost 94% of the adults have a primary care provider, which has risen from 92% in 2006 1, 2. While the percentage of Ontarians who have a primary care provider has grown, most Ontarians are unable to get an appointment to see their doctor the same day or the next day when they become sick 2. Less than half of the population (44.3%) of the Ontarians are able to see theirShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe Benefits of the Affordable Care Act to Our People and Our Health Care System In the wake of the 2016 presidential election, concerns have been raised regarding the Republicans’ desire to repeal the Affordable Care Act, informally referred to as Obamacare. 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Project Management A Rostering System For RALS Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Project Management for A Rostering System for RALS. Answer: Part 1 Project Name / Team / Description Project Name: Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show Rostering System Project Start Date October 12, 2016 Team Member Contact Details Thomas Anderson (02) 6528 2365; thomas.anderson@virtucon.net; Cooper Graham (02) 2514 6985; cooper.graham@globex.net; Sebastian Martin (02) 5474 2698; sebastian.martin@virtucon.net; Zara Smith (02) 2111 3658; zara.smith@virtucon.net; Alexander Brown (02) 2588 0021; alexander.brown@virtucon.net; Charlotte Watson (02) 1211 8874; charlotte.watson@virtucon.net; Project overview: The Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show Rostering System Project project aims at the development of the automated computerized system that will assist the Globex in easy monitoring and management of the volunteers participating in RALS. Project Description: Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show is being organized every year by the Globex Corporation for demonstrating and appreciating the achievements of agricultural lifestyle and farmers. The success of the show significantly depends on the volunteers. With the passing years, the increase in the number of the volunteers have made it difficult to manage and monitor them manually. Globex has requested for the development of computer based rostering system for easy communication and coordination with the volunteers participating in RALS. Globes has reached out to Virtucon for managing the development of the Rostering System. the new developed system will be able to store information and allocated task to the volunteers. Team Charter Skills and Knowledge Inventory Name Role Skills and Knowledge Thomas Anderson Project Manager Communication; Leadership; Negotiation; Team Management; Risk Management, Organization Cooper Graham Business Analyst Marketing; Conceptual modeling; Change Management; Analytical Skills, Technical Knowledge; Persuasion, Negotiation; Decision Making Skills; Sebastian Martin Developer Problem Solving Skills; Technical Knowledge; interpersonal Skills; Business Knowledge; Zara Smith Coder Analytical Skills; Optimized Coding; Smart Programming; Error rectification skills; Alexander Brown Tester Logical Thinking Skills; Analytical Skills; Subject Knowledge; Business Savvy; Charlotte Watson Designer Creativity; Understanding Customer Needs; Graphical Knowledge; Roles and Responsibility Name Roles Responsibilities Thomas Anderson Project Manager Application of the appropriate standard for managing the project; Developing, maintaining the project deliverables, plan and schedule; Identifying and managing the risks involved; Allocating and monitoring resources and directing the development; Cooper Graham Business Analyst Evaluates the need and requirement of Globex; Provides data visualization; Analyzing the business case of RALS; Organizing the requirements; Sebastian Martin Developer Coordinating with the project manager; Reviewing the existing operations at RALS; Developing a prototype system for rostering; Prepares the working module of rostering system; Zara Smith Coder Determines the feasibility the developed rostering system; Execute the rostering system development life cycle; Codes the programming logic in the RALS rostering system; Alexander Brown Tester Monitor and evaluate the programming logic meets the business needs of Globex; Logs and execute system test on rostering system; Identifying the success criteria of the RALS rostering system; Charlotte Watson Designer Develops easy user interface of the rostering system; Implement the graphical interface of the system; Team Communication Team Member Meeting Times Location Ways of communication Information Documented/ Stored Thomas Anderson (Project Manager) 9am to 6pm Virtucon Office Face-to-face meeting; email; Virtucon database; documented on paper; Cooper Graham (Business Analyst) 9am to 6pm Virtucon Office Face-to-face meeting; email; phone; Virtucon database; documented on paper; Sebastian Martin (Developer) 9am to 6pm Virtucon Office Face-to-face meeting; email; phone; Virtucon database; documented on paper; Zara Smith (Coder) 9am to 6pm Virtucon Office email; phone; Virtucon database; Alexander Brown (Tester) 9am to 6pm Virtucon Office email; phone; Virtucon database; Charlotte Watson (Designer) 9am to 6pm Virtucon Office email; phone; Virtucon database; Team Rules and Expectations Positive Experience of team work: Working in a project groups helps in sub-diving the task and brainstorming different ideas for completing the undertaken project with efficiency and in time. Negative Experience of Team work: The conflict of ideas and beliefs affects the project progress. The entire project falls behind if any team member fails to deliver assigned task. Team goal: The significant goal of the project team is to deliver the project with optimum standard, financial cost, less time and including all the customer needs. Team values: The team values like teamwork, honesty, mutual sharing and commitment to work is essential for the development of the project. Team Value Statement: Honesty, understanding, sharing, commitment and team work is the goal to success for meeting the project deliverables. Code of Ethics: the project team need to be reliable with the other team member. The project team should maintain fiduciary for evaluating the business needs and delivering the product to the clients. Rules and Exception: All the team members need to report to the project manager for any change of scope or delay of work. All the team members are responsible for notifying other members and project manager in case of any issue or problems in the development of the project. Signatures Name Signature Date Thomas Anderson Thomas Anderson October 12, 2016 Cooper Graham Cooper Graham October 12, 2016 Sebastian Martin Sebastian Martin October 12, 2016 Zara Smith Zara Smith October 12, 2016 Alexander Brown Alexander Brown October 12, 2016 Charlotte Watson Charlotte Watson October 12, 2016 Part 2 Learning Cycles Phase Time Role Communication Mode Engagement Phase Project Planning Time Scribe, Organizer Face-to-face meeting, emails, phone Exploration Phase Project Planning Time Organizer emails, phone Explanation Phase During the development of the project Organizer Face-to-face meeting, emails, phone Extension Phase During risk management phase Scribe Face-to-face meeting, emails Evaluation Phase During verification of requirement Scribe Face-to-face meeting, emails Part 3 Stakeholders Identification Thomas Anderson (Project Manager) Cooper Graham (Business Analyst) Sebastian Martin (Developer) Zara Smith (Coder) Alexander Brown (Tester) Charlotte Watson (Designer) Globex Representative Communication Plan Who What Why When How Thomas Anderson (Project Manager) Issues, changes and modification regarding project schedule, cost or overall rostering system project; Monitoring, managing and rescheduling the project, budget during each phase of RALS rostering system development; Anytime Email, phone, face-to-face meeting; written and verbal communication; Cooper Graham (Business Analyst) Business requirement and client satisfaction; To implement and modify the business needs and requirements of Globex; Anytime Email, phone, face-to-face meeting; written and verbal communication; Sebastian Martin (Developer) Issues regarding the development phase of the project; To identify and mitigate the problems in the development phase; Once a week Email, phone, written and verbal communication; Zara Smith (Coder) Issues with the coding of the program and functionality of the system; To identify the problem in the developed logic of the rostering system Whenever required Email, face-to-face meeting; written and verbal communication; Alexander Brown (Tester) Problems with the functionality of the system To identify the test case and implement new user requirements; Twice a week written and verbal communication; Charlotte Watson (Designer) Issue in the user interface of the developed RALS rostering system; For evaluating and determining the changes required to modify the system; Whenever required Email, face-to-face meeting; Globex Representative Change and modification in requirements Discussing and acknowledging any modification required for the rostering system; Once a week Email, face-to-face meeting; Part 4 Project Closure Project Name: Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show Rostering System Project Project Number: VIR56X12 Project Manager: Thomas Anderson Acceptance factor Check if Completed Person Responsible 1. Project goals met project manager 2. Implemented Change Management Plan project manager 3. Project developed within Cost, budget and time project manager 4. The functional requirement of the of the rostering system were implemented; project manager, developer 5. Technical requirements were verified Coder; designer 6. The developed system met the business requirement of Globex; business analyst 7. All the test cases were evaluated properly; Tester; designer 8. Risk identification and management plan was implemented; tester 9. Agreement of Globex were licensed business analyst 10. Security mechanism implemented developer 11. Recovery and backup plan implemented coder 12. Customer acceptance of RALS rostering system project manager 13. Sign off project team project manager Project Evaluation Summary: The project aims at developing a cost effacing computerized rostering system for RALS held by Globex. Project Team: The project team include members who were expert in their particular domain and assisted in effective development of the rostering system; Project deliverables: All the deliverable and objective were verified and met during the development of the project; Cost: The development of the rostering system of RALS were developed under minimum budget as allocated by Globex; Schedule: The rostering system for RALS was developed and implemented before November for the next RALS festival; Recommendations: The prototype system developed needs to the verified by the customer in each iteration process; The operational personnel of the customer need to be involved during developing the plan and requirements of the software application; MOV Evaluation Return on Investment For evaluating return on investment the most significant formula that can be used is (Net Benefits/Costs) x 100. The return on investment determines the profitability of the implementation of the computerized rostering system; Productivity The productivity of the developed system is measured by how efficiently and quickly the system is able to allocate task and monitor the volunteers working at RALS; Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is evaluated by verified the business and operations need of Globex being implemented within the developed system; Performance Earned value can be used for evaluating the schedule performance of the project; Part 5 Reflection In this particular project for the development of the computerized rostering system of Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show, I have taken the responsibility for developing an appropriate project management plan. The initiation of the project requires the identification of the business needs, recommended users and operational requirement of the system. for evaluating the business needs, I have thoroughly evaluated the case study of the Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show and operations of the Globex Corporation at RALS. I have developed and documented the business and operational requirements, that has assisted me understanding and identifying the technical need for developing the rostering system. Through the estimation of the requirements, I have developed the appropriate team for developing and conducting the project. as a project manager the significant aim is to deliver the system within provided budget and time by the customer. For this purpose, I have developed a work br eakdown structure of the integrated activities of the project while defining the resources associated at each phase. I have developed the project schedule with the help of Microsoft Project that has provide visualization of the project timeline. Following the project schedule and Gantt chart has assisted in completing the project within allocated time. Furthermore, through the application of Gantt chart, I have assisted the team member in conducting all the modules and activity of the project in detailed manner. The project manager required an effective plan for managing and monitoring every phase of the project. for this reason, I have developed the detailed communication plan that have assisted the team member in acknowledging and having a clear view of how and whom to communicate in time of needs. While development of the first iteration and prototype of the rostering system, the client has made various changes in requirement and functionality of the rostering system that was not identified earlier. The integration of those requirements will cost the project with more time and budget if the initial planning were followed. I have thus, evaluated the situation and remaining activities of the project. I have re-schedule the time line and budget of the remaining activity to complete the system with optimized time and budget. During the development of the project management plan for the Riverina Agriculture and Lifestyle Show Rostering System Project it is essential for the project manager to have an in-depth knowledge ad understanding of the technical needs for the project. in addition to that, as an ICT project manager, the individual need to have some effective communication skills for understanding and evaluating the business needs and to management and monitoring the team members for completing the project in time. In addition to that, it is most essential to be able to estimate the accurate schedule and budget required for completing the project. Therefore , this particular project has taught me that for being an effective ICT project manager it is essential to have management, team formation, communication, persuasion and technical knowledge about the undertaken project. Bibliography Ahsan, K., Ho, M., Khan, S. (2013). Recruiting project managers: A comparative analysis of competencies and recruitment signals from job advertisements.Project Management Journal,44(5), 36-54. Braglia, M., Frosolini, M. (2014). An integrated approach to implement project management information systems within the extended enterprise.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), 18-29. Davies, R., Harty, C. (2013). Implementing Site BIM: a case study of ICT innovation on a large hospital project.Automation in Construction,30, 15-24. Garton, C., McCulloch, E. (2012).Fundamentals of Technology Project Management. MC Press, LLC. Harris, F., McCaffer, R. (2013).Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons. Holzmann, V. (2013). A meta-analysis of brokering knowledge in project management.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), 2-13. Lundqvist, S., Marcusson, L. (2014). Advertisements for ICT project managers show diversity between Swedish employers and project management associations views of PM certifications.Problems of Management in the 21st Century,9(1), 35-55. Marnewick, C. (2012, October). A longitudinal analysis of ICT project success. InProceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference(pp. 326-334). ACM. Morris, P. (2013). Reconstructing project management reprised: A knowledge perspective.Project Management Journal,44(5), 6-23. Morris, P. W. (2013).Reconstructing project management. John Wiley Sons. Palacios-Marqus, D., Corts-Grao, R., Carral, C. L. (2013). Outstanding knowledge competences and web 2.0 practices for developing successful e-learning project management.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), 14-21. Pemsel, S., Wiewiora, A. (2013). Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), 31-42. Too, E. G., Weaver, P. (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), 1382-1394. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Vanhoucke, M. (2014).Integrated Project Management and Control: First comes the theory, then the practice. Springer.

Peter Mitchell (1920 - 1992) Chemiosmotic Hypothesis Essays

Peter Mitchell (1920 - 1992) : Chemiosmotic Hypothesis Peter Mitchell's 1961 paper introducing the chemiosmotic hypothesis started a revolution which has echoed beyond bioenergetics to all biology, and shaped our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of biological energy conservation, ion and metabolite transport, bacterial motility, organelle structure and biosynthesis, membrane structure and function, homeostasis, the evolution of the eukaryote cell, and indeed every aspect of life in which these processes play a role. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1978, awarded to Peter Mitchell as the sole recipient, recognized his predominant contribution towards establishing the validity of the chemiosmotic hypothesis, and ipso facto, the long struggle to convince an initially hostile establishment. The seeds of the chemiosmotic hypothesis, which lay in Peter's attempts to understand bacterial transport and homeostasis, were pollinated by the earlier ideas of H. Lundergard, Robert Robertson, and Robert Davies and A.G. Ogston, on the coupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis to proton gradients. Mitchell's 1961 paper outlined the hypothesis in the form of several postulates which could be subjected to test. In retrospect, it was a great strength of this first paper that Peter did not go into too much detail; the ideas were new and strange, and were introduced to a field dominated by a few major laboratories with their own different ideas about how the coupling between electron transport and phosphorylation occurred. It is interesting to look back and remember how sparse the clues were on which the hypothesis was based. At the time, the chemical hypothesis, based on analogy with Ephraim Racker's mechanism of substrate level phosphorylation linked to triose phosphate oxidati on, seemed secure. A few niggling difficulties were apparent. Why did so many different reagents act as uncouplers? Why were the enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation associated with the mitochondrial membrane? Why did coupling seem so dependent on the maintenance of structure? How did mitochondria maintain their osmotic balance? How did substrates get in and out? But these must have seemed second-order problems to the main protagonists. It was these niggles that Mitchell's hypothesis addressed. I first met Peter in 1962 when he visited Brian Chappell in Cambridge to talk mitochondriology. I was in my second year of Ph.D. research, and becoming familiar with the field. Brian had, at the start of my apprenticeship, set me to work in the library, with Peter's 1961 paper as a starting point. I must confess that I had little idea at the time of the importance of the paper; I didn't know enough, either of the background bioenergetics or the physical chemistry, to understand what the issues were. But by the time of Peter's visit, I had become involved in the work on mitochondrial ion transport initiated by Brian in collaboration with Guy Greville, and Brian had become interested in mechanisms. Peter arrived in an elegant if ancient Bentley convertible, and wrapped us in a corduroy enthusiasm. He was in trouble with his hypothesis, because three labs claimed to have disproved it by isolating the intermediates expected from the chemical hypothesis. Peter was undaunted, and engaged i n a mischievous discussion of the data and its validity. The challenge of the upstart chemiosmotic hypothesis to the prevailing chemical view of mechanism was to become a running battle, in which Peter engaged the establishment single-handed for several years before the first of a growing band of brothers (and sisters) joined him in the fray. The early work from Andr? Jagendorf's lab on H+-uptake and pH-jump driven ATP synthesis by chloroplasts, the parallel work on ion and metabolite transport in mitochondria from Chappell's lab, the work on ionophores and uncouplers by Bert Pressman, and by Brian Chappell and myself, the development of artificial membrane systems by Alec Bangham and by Paul Mueller, and Mitchell's own work with Jennifer Moyle on proton measurements following O2 pulses, had demonstrated before 1965 the activities expected from the hypothesis, but it was to be ten years before the established leaders in the field were coaxed into a grudging acceptance of the hypothe sis. The bones of the chemiosmotic hypothesis were fleshed out by Mitchell in subsequent publications, most notably the two slim volumes published by Glynn Research Ltd. in 1966 and 1968, known affectionately in the laboratory as